Suchergebnisse

The article describes the experience of social rehabilitation of persons with mental disorders and central nervous system living in a neuropsychiatric boarding school. It has been established that modern rehabilitation practices aimed at developing or restoring lost skills of patients is not a program limited to a specific time period, but a long continuous process that requires constant monitoring and corrective measures. But mental diseases in the vast majority require large expenditures from the state budget, therefore, the implementation of systematic individual resocialization measures becomes extremely difficult, and subsequent work with the mentally ill is reduced to meeting the basic life needs of the disabled, assigning them the role of recipients of guardianship and care. It is justified that social rehabilitation programs aimed at developing or restoring the necessary skills, as well as activating compensatory mechanisms, do not fully fulfill the socializing function without forming the individual and social value of the wards. The novelty of the study is to justify the prospect of including in the process of existing practice of social rehabilitation a component that can to some extent change the social status of patients in a neuropsychiatric boarding school and allow them to master new social roles – the integration of the mentally ill and society.

The article presents the results of a study of the institution of the modern Russian family, the purpose of which was to determine the nature of the transformation processes experienced by the modern Russian family.
It is substantiated that without this complex sociocultural education, stability and sustainable development of society is impossible: the family, being part of the social structure, performs the functions prescribed by society and ensures that the new generation acquires basic values, cultural norms, and socially approved forms of behavior, thereby socializing it.
It is indicated that the family is influenced by external dysfunctional social phenomena characteristic of both Russian society and the entire world community in general. The authors of the article analyzed scientific approaches to assessing the nature of changes experienced by a modern family. It has been established that researchers' assessment of the transformation processes that have caused changes in marriage and family relations is carried out in the context of two paradigms — the modernization of the family and the crisis of the institution of marriage and family relations. Supporters of the modernization paradigm believe that the modern Russian family is evolving along with society, experiencing a process of modernization that is predominantly positive. Researchers, whose assessment of modern marriage and family relations is made from the standpoint of a crisis approach, argue their position by the fact that transformation processes not only destructure the family, but also undermine the institution of marriage and family relations, which without radical measures will lead to large-scale destructive consequences up to the loss of statehood.
The significance of the study lies in the fact that a theoretical understanding of the features of institutional transformations will make it possible to develop appropriate control mechanisms and take certain «protective» measures aimed at preserving the family's essence as a basic stabilizing factor in modern Russian society.

The current socio-demographic situation in Russia is characterized by an increase in the proportion of people who need social services, namely, older people and people with disabilities. As a rule, these groups of people are not only limited in material resources, but also often deprived of the possibility of implementing minimal social ties, communication, and cultural entertainment. The provision of social services is implemented at the local level, but the limited municipal budgets do not fully satisfy the needs of citizens, and payment for services for this category of needy is inaccessible. Social protection services within the framework of state policy provide various types of material services to low-income citizens, but they do not have such a socio-economic effect that would be fully able to solve the problems of this category of people, therefore the quality of life of the vulnerable groups of the population is characterized by extremely limited opportunities and a wide range of practically unsolvable needs. The purpose of the scientific article is to determine the urgent needs of those in need and identify the reserves of additional assistance for citizens in difficult life situations based on data from in-depth interviews. The questions of the insufficiency of the use of the state's most powerful resource of volunteering when popularizing the activities of volunteers and creating appropriate conditions for it are raised. Discusses on the legitimacy of the identification of the concepts of "volunteering" and "volunteering", which are traditionally considered identical in the works of domestic researchers, legal acts. It has been established that people with disabilities need communication, joint leisure activities, assistance in attending events and just mobility, computer literacy training. It is emphasized that the word "volunteer" is perceived by our compatriots as borrowed, not evoking emotionally colored associations, contrary to its national character, the word "volunteer", on the contrary, is noted as one's, native – a person of good will, kind, merciful. Summarized, the experience of the territories in which volunteering is developed shows that volunteers are united not only by the focus and nature of the activity, but also by the territory in which they interact, and this fact is a powerful factor in securing a person in the region, which is especially important for the regions of the Far East and especially the Jewish Autonomous Region.

The task of paramount importance for any state is the preservation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity, the sustainable development of territories. Globalization, which has affected all spheres of social life, has exacerbated the problem of the loss of a person's identity to the local. In conditions when the state, under pressure from the external environment, needs to maintain sovereignty and create conditions for development, universalists, for whom sovereignty is not a value, carry a protest potential, which under certain conditions manifests itself in conflict forms of interaction with the authorities.
The purpose of the study is to identify the environmental capabilities of the territory in strengthening the connection of the individual with the place of residence, to identify the resources of collective integration at the level of local communities with the prospect of reaching wider social institutions.
It is determined that the objective condition that ensures the stability of society in the context of the transformation of the social structure is the presence of consolidation — the social cohesion of its citizens, their identity with the place of residence.
The conceptual basis of the study is a socio-territorial approach that contributes to an objective analysis of the processes occurring in local communities under the influence of globalization processes. Within the framework of the approach, interrelations and interdependencies between economic, moral, ethical, institutional processes observed on the territory of local communities in the context of globalization are established.
The properties of global processes that level out local specifics are named. Theoretically substantiated social practices of forming a person's commitment to the place of residence, in particular, one of the solutions is the accumulative effect of horizontal connections, the network principle of interaction between residents of the local community.
The study of local communities in the context of globalization expands the possibilities of modeling the possibilities of the local as a field of resistance to the global.

The article is devoted to an actual problem – distance learning. Distance learning is a qualitatively new progressive type of training based on modern information technologies and means of communication, the rapid surge of which is caused by the pandemic that has engulfed most of the planet.
Interest in the study of the realities of post-industrial society is dictated by the need to study the nature of the transformations that occur with a person under the influence of those technological changes that have penetrated into all spheres of human existence: on the one hand, a new environment is being formed, opening up unlimited opportunities for the accumulation and transmission of information, communication in electronic network communities, on the other – these acquisitions carry potential threats and risks in both the distant and foreseeable future, and to a greater extent, in our opinion, the expected consequences of global modernization pose the greatest threat to such a specific area as education.
The subject that caused the greatest number of the most acute discussions was the impact of distance learning on the quality of training of future specialists, on the degree of development of their communication skills. The main task of the article is to justify and argue distance learning as a new form of learning, to identify its problems and positive aspects.
The article presents an analysis of theoretical approaches to distance learning for Russian and foreign researchers. Based on the results of a sociological study, the attitude of students to distance learning is revealed, and their assessment of the degree of development of their own communication skills in remote learning is obtained. The authors conclude that distance learning to a certain extent becomes a risk factor, depriving students of the opportunity to develop the qualities that modern conditions require of them: self-organization, self-control, and communication skills. Despite the fact that distance learning has become an integral part of the educational process, we are convinced that this form should only be a part, a component of the educational process, a "safety cushion" in a situation of force majeure. The leading form of educational classes at the university should remain the traditional classroom form of conducting classes as the only form that can prepare a person for life and successful functioning in a risk society

The article discusses the problem of social identity, its characteristics, conditions of formation. The theme of identity is the most relevant at the present stage of development of Russian society. This is due to the fact that the reforms being carried out in the country require active civic participation in their implementation, and this requires an understanding of the relationship in the socio-economic transformations to individual and social, subjective and group, national and personal, that is, there is reason for the formation of a multidimensional phenomenon of identity. The authors conclude that ignoring the process of identity formation poses a threat of failures in economic, political and cultural transformations, since new forms of socio-economic relations often conflict with the already existing concept of the individual "I" that embodies his life ideals, conditions and forms of life. It was established that under these conditions it is the formation of positive social
self-identification as a reflection of personal self-awareness that is the most important factor in the stable development of modern society and the leading motivating factor in combining people's efforts to solve socially significant problems. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the interpretations of the concepts of identity, identification, social identity, as well as an empirical analysis of the social identity of the inhabitants of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The study not only made it possible to establish the interests of the inhabitants of the study area, but also to make predictions regarding the content of their social activities, reactions to external events.